PSG has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.